The coral reefs of Arabia are teeming with large predators. 阿拉伯的珊瑚礁上到处都是大型食肉动物。
Small residents need strong defensive strategies to survive. 小居民需要强有力的防御策略才能生存。
Some are equipped with body armor 有些装备了防弹衣
or chemical weaponry. 或者化学武器。
Neighbors help neighbors in times of need. 邻居在需要时帮助邻居。
And often attack can be the best line of defense. 通常进攻是最好的防线。
These are the defenders of the reef. 他们是珊瑚礁的守护者。
(Birds call and hoot) （鸟叫又叫）
It's summer in the Gulf of Oman. 这是阿曼湾的夏天。
The scorching hot Arabian sun heats the shallow waters 灼热的阿拉伯太阳加热了浅水区
to around 86 degrees. 大约86度。
The warmth boosts the growth of algae 温暖促进藻类的生长
across a vast coral reef 穿过一个巨大的珊瑚礁
attracting thousands of hungry herbivores. 吸引了成千上万饥饿的食草动物。
It is the setting of a fish-versus-fish turf war. 这是一场鱼与鱼争夺地盘的战争。
Many of these competing fish are spectacular, 这些竞争的鱼很多都很壮观，
sporting bright colors and bold designs. 鲜艳的色彩和大胆的设计。
But not so the humble domino fish, 但不是这样卑微的多米诺骨牌鱼，
silver-gray, with a white spot on either side. 银灰色，两边有一个白点。
With his drab appearance, 他单调的外表，
this male is easy to overlook. 这个男人很容易被忽视。
But what he lacks in color and size 但他缺少的是颜色和尺寸
he makes up for in attitude. 他在态度上有所弥补。
This little guy will stand up 这个小家伙会站起来的
to any of the big bullies on the reef. 对礁石上的任何一个大恶霸。
Even a parrotfish many times his own size. 即使是比自己大很多倍的鹦鹉鱼。
He'll need his confidence in the coming weeks, 未来几周他需要自信，
because this little fish is on a mission. 因为这条小鱼正在执行任务。
He's about to breed for the first time. 他将首次繁殖。
Step one: he needs to establish his territory 第一步：他需要建立自己的领地
and lay claim to a small patch of algae 声称拥有一小块藻类
to cultivate and call his own. 去培养和呼唤自己。
This is not a food store. 这不是食品店。
It's a giant advertisement, like a billboard, 这是一个巨大的广告，就像广告牌，
that says to female domino fish 对雌性多米诺鱼说
"eligible bachelor in residence". “合格的单身汉”。
A large, well-maintained algal lawn will demonstrate 一个维护良好的大型藻类草坪将展示
his abilities to protect and nurture a nursery, 他保护和培育托儿所的能力，
something the females will find irresistible. 一些女性会觉得无法抗拒的东西。
But on his first attempt at selecting real estate, 但在他第一次选择房地产时，
he makes a rookie error. 他犯了个新手错误。
His new territory is too exposed. 他的新领地太暴露了。
Large numbers of hungry algae-feeders, 大量饥饿的藻类饲养者，
including other domino fish, 包括其他多米诺鱼，
can decimate new green growth. 会破坏新的绿色增长。
Non-breeding dominos are darker in color. 非繁殖的多米诺骨牌颜色较深。
Despite his best defensive efforts, 尽管他尽力防守，
the lighter-colored male is outnumbered. 浅色的雄鸟数量众多。
The hungry domino fish strip his new lawn clean. 饥饿的多米诺鱼把他的新草坪剥得干干净净。
The setback means he has to start again, 挫折意味着他必须重新开始，
find a safer spot to defend 找个更安全的地方防守
away from the hungry masses. 远离饥饿的群众。
He sets off in search of somewhere new. 他动身去寻找新的地方。
The reef is part of a marine paradise lying nine miles 珊瑚礁是九英里长的海洋天堂的一部分
off the coast of Arabia 阿拉伯海岸外
called the Damaniyat Islands. 叫做达曼尼亚特群岛。
The archipelago consists of nine main islands 这个群岛由九个主要岛屿组成
and a string of rocky outcrops in the Gulf of Oman. 以及阿曼湾的一系列岩石露头。
The bare, jagged cliffs are in stark contrast 光秃秃、参差不齐的悬崖形成鲜明对比
to the treasures that lie beneath. 为了下面的宝藏。
The area lies at the heart 这个区域位于心脏
of one of the world's five largest upwellings. 世界五大上升流之一。
Here, cold nutrient waters well up in the Arabian Sea, 在这里，寒冷的营养水在阿拉伯海的上游，
triggering plankton blooms 引发浮游生物大量繁殖
that fuel the region's productivity. 这促进了该地区的生产力。
They're exceptionally diverse 它们非常多样化
and promote dramatic coral growth. 促进珊瑚的快速生长。
A coral reef is like an underwater fortress, 就像珊瑚礁一样，
providing protection, food and family homes 提供保护、食物和家庭住所
to a stunning array of marine creatures. 对一个惊人的海洋生物。
It is also an underwater battleground 它也是一个水下战场
of predators and prey 捕食者和猎物
of attack and defense, 防御和攻击，
as each plays its critical part 因为每个人都扮演着关键的角色
in protecting the delicate balance of life. 保护生命的微妙平衡。
This is not a safe place for little fish. 这对小鱼来说不是个安全的地方。
The fusilier has been bitten by a predator. 引信被捕食者咬伤了。
The nasty wound's a reminder 那严重的伤口是个提醒
of the many dangers of the reef. 暗礁的许多危险。
The odds seem stacked against the domino fish. 多米诺骨牌鱼似乎胜算很大。
A number of large, deadly hunters patrol. 一些大型的，致命的猎人在巡逻。
At just over a foot long, the yellowfin hind hunts fish. 黄鳍后腿只有一英尺多长，捕食鱼类。
Active by day, this ambush predator 白天很活跃，这个伏击捕食者
sneaks around the gullies and escarpments. 潜入沟壑和悬崖。
Skirting the fringes of the reef, 沿着礁石的边缘，
a huge bowmouth guitarfish 一条巨大的弓嘴吉他鱼
patrols the exposed areas of the vast seabed. 在广阔海底的裸露区域巡逻。
Guitarfish can reach up to nine feet 吉他鱼可达九英尺
and his size provides some defense 而且他的身材也能起到一定的防御作用
against most larger predators like sharks. 对付像鲨鱼这样的大型捕食者。
He looks like a cross between a shark and a ray 他看起来像鲨鱼和鳐鱼的杂交体
and is actually a type of skate. 实际上是一种溜冰鞋。
Like his relatives, 像他的亲戚一样，
he can detect even the faintest electrical signal 他甚至能探测到最微弱的电信号
from prey buried in the sand. 从埋在沙子里的猎物。
His back has built-in body armor, scaly thorns 他的背部有内置的防弹衣，鳞片刺
to dissuade anything larger from biting him. 阻止任何更大的东西咬他。
He's not alone in having bio-armor. 他不是唯一一个拥有生物装甲的人。
On this dangerous reef, 在这个危险的礁石上，
many species have physical defenses to keep them safe. 许多物种都有物理防御来保证它们的安全。
Trunkfish have only a few large scales 只有少数鱼鳞只有大鳞
fused together to form a solid box-like body. 融合在一起形成一个坚固的盒子状的身体。
This armament makes them harder 这种武器使他们更难对付
for other fish to swallow. 鱼可以吞下。
Some go further, secreting toxic mucous, 有些更进一步，分泌有毒粘液，
making them quite unpalatable. 使它们很难吃。
Their body shape limits their movements, 他们的体型限制了他们的行动，
leaving just a hinge-like joint in the tail 只在尾巴上留下一个铰链状的关节
to help them get around. 帮助他们四处走动。
But despite appearances, 但不管外表如何，
they're streamlined and good at cornering. 它们流线型，擅长转弯。
Porcupinefish, too, are a tough act to swallow. 豪猪鱼也是一种难以下咽的行为。
If threatened, they can fill their bodies with seawater, 如果受到威胁，他们可以用海水填满身体，
making themselves three times bigger 使自己变大三倍
and erecting sharp spines that lie flat on their skin. 竖起尖锐的刺，平躺在他们的皮肤上。
It's also poisonous. 它也是有毒的。
As it consumes shellfish, it recycles their toxins 当它食用贝类时，它会回收它们的毒素
and secretes them from its skin. 从皮肤中分泌出来。
This gives off a scent warning to predators 这会给捕食者发出气味警告
not to eat it. 不要吃它。
Not all species have built-in defenses. 并非所有物种都有内置的防御系统。
Some must find other ways to protect themselves. 有些人必须想办法保护自己。
A tiger pistol shrimp hides within a burrow, 老虎手枪虾藏在洞穴里，
using his broad, stout pincers 用他那又宽又粗的钳子
as shovels to excavate. 作为挖掘的铁锹。
He's an excellent digger, but has very poor eyesight. 他是个很好的挖掘机，但视力很差。
While he's at work, 当他在工作的时候，
he could easily miss an approaching predator. 他很容易错过一个接近的捕食者。
So, to help him, he enlists a goby as lookout. 所以，为了帮助他，他找了个虎鱼当了望员。
This triple-spot goby is also low on the food chain 这只三点虎鱼在食物链中的地位也很低
and needs refuge. 需要庇护。
Unlike the shrimp, it has excellent eyesight 不像虾，它的视力很好
and it can dash away at a moment's notice. 它会在一瞬间消失。
But it lacks the digging skills to make a safe home. 但它缺乏挖掘技能来建造一个安全的家。
So the two join forces. 所以这两个联合起来。
While the shrimp plows away, 当虾犁走的时候，
it always keeps one of its long antennae 它总是有一个长长的触角
in contact with its watch-dog. 与它的看门狗接触。
An important defense, 重要的辩护，
for there's predators lurking in every nook and cranny. 因为每个角落都潜伏着捕食者。
This huge honeycomb moray eel 这只巨大的蜂巢海鳗
can reach six feet long. 可以达到六英尺长。
He's a master of camouflage, thanks to his mottled skin 他是个伪装大师，多亏了他斑驳的皮肤
that resembles the surrounding coral. 就像周围的珊瑚。
He rarely leaves his sentry post during the day, 他白天很少离开哨所，
but, under the cover of darkness, 但是，在黑暗的掩护下，
he stalks the smaller fish as they sleep. 他在小鱼睡觉时跟踪它们。
In addition to the fish, 除了鱼，
he'd pounce on an unwary crustacean given the chance. 如果有机会，他会扑向一只粗心的甲壳类动物。
Luckily, pistol shrimps have goby lookouts. 幸运的是，手枪虾有虎视眈眈的了望台。
This co-operative behavior is known as "mutualism". 这种合作行为被称为“互惠主义”。
Both species benefit from the relationship. 这两个物种都受益于这种关系。
And predators go hungry. 食肉动物会挨饿。
Away from the prying eyes of the moray eels, 远离海鳗的窥视，
the little domino fish has found a new patch 多米诺骨牌小鱼找到了新的补丁
on which to cultivate his algae. 在上面培育藻类。
This time, he's chosen a less-obvious spot, 这次，他选择了一个不太明显的地方，
closer to the sea floor, 靠近海底，
under the protection of a steep coral cliff. 在陡峭的珊瑚峭壁的保护下。
This patch should be easier to defend. 这个补丁应该更容易防御。
It will serve as a nest site if he can attract a female. 如果他能吸引一只雌性的话，它将成为一个巢穴。
Females prefer a neat lawn. 女性喜欢干净的草坪。
It shows that the male is fit and strong 这表明雄性是健康和强壮的
and capable of defending his patch. 并且有能力保护他的地盘。
His lawn is coming on nicely. 他的草坪很漂亮。
By protecting the area from grazers, 通过保护这个地区免受食草动物的侵害，
he's given the algae a chance to take hold and flourish. 他给了海藻一个机会，让它们生长繁茂。
Now he's ready to start his advertising campaign 现在他准备开始他的广告活动了
and lure in a potential mate. 引诱一个潜在的伴侣。
His circular dance draws in the first female. 他的圆形舞蹈吸引了第一个女性。
But she doesn't stick around. 但她不会留下来。
He's going to have to try harder to impress. 他得更努力才能给人留下深刻印象。
He'll have to improve his dance moves 他必须改进他的舞步
and grow more algae if he's to succeed. 如果他想成功的话，还要种更多的海藻。
The domino isn't the only fish 多米诺骨牌不是唯一的鱼
to tend and defend a garden. 照料和保卫花园。
His flashier neighbor, a sohal surgeonfish, 他的邻居，一条苏哈鱼，
is one of the most territorial gardeners on the reef. 是珊瑚礁上最具地域性的园丁之一。
Unlike the domino's little lawn, 不像多米诺骨牌的小草坪，
this algae isn't for breeding. 这种藻类不是用来繁殖的。
It's for him to eat. 这是给他吃的。
The surgeonfish's vast lawn of algae 长满海藻的大草坪
can stretch out over 40 feet. 可以伸展超过40英尺。
It's a large area of food to defend, but he's well-armed. 这是一个大面积的食物防御，但他有很好的武器。
The surgeonfish gets his name 浪涌鱼得名了
from the yellow, scalpel-like blade 从黄色的，像手术刀一样的刀片上
on either side of its tail. 在它尾巴的两边。
The blades are usually tucked into a groove in the skin 刀片通常塞进皮肤的凹槽里
but, like a switch-blade, 但是，就像一个开关刀片，
they can be unleashed to slash at trespassers. 他们可以被释放，以猛击入侵者。
Apart from occasionally stopping 除了偶尔停下来
to sample his algal crop, 去品尝他的藻类作物，
the surgeon is endlessly on border patrol. 外科医生无休止地在边境巡逻。
While he's very aggressive to some species 他对某些物种很有攻击性
he ignores others. 他不理别人。
He needs to keep out other algae-feeders, 他需要把其他藻类饲养者拒之门外，
especially the large and numerous parrotfish, 尤其是大而多的鹦鹉鱼，
with their powerful and destructive parrot-like jaws. 它们强大而有破坏力的鹦鹉学舌。
The surgeonfish uses attack to defend his territory, 浪涌鱼用攻击来保卫自己的领土，
from hungry fish, but also from coral, 从饥饿的鱼，但也从珊瑚，
which could take up space, 可能会占用空间，
where he'd rather be growing algae. 他宁愿在那里种植藻类。
The coral itself is made up of tiny creatures. 珊瑚本身是由微小的生物组成的。
They're colonizers, always looking to expand. 他们是殖民者，总是想扩张。
Individually, they are known as "polyps", 个别地，它们被称为“息肉”，
but they are never alone. 但他们从不孤单。
They live in vast colonies, 他们生活在广阔的殖民地，
their own defensive strategy against predator attack. 他们自己的防御策略对抗捕食者的攻击。
Some create hard calcium-carbonate shells 形成一些坚硬的碳酸钙外壳
to defend their soft bodies. 保护他们的柔软身体。
New generations of these hard corals 这些硬珊瑚的新一代
build on top of the last, 在最后一个的基础上，
creating vast structures that can be over 3,000 feet high. 建造高达3000英尺的巨大建筑。
Black-spotted butterfly fish feed mostly on coral. 黑斑蝶鱼主要以珊瑚为食。
Eye-catching Arabian butterflyfish 引人注目的阿拉伯蝶鱼
use their tiny, tweezer-like jaws to gently nip out 用它们细小的镊子状的下颚轻轻地咬出来
the soft, living body parts of the coral. 珊瑚柔软的、有生命的身体部分。
Butterflyfish are believed to consume 人们相信，蝶鱼会吃东西
around 6% of live corals each year. 每年大约有6%的活珊瑚。
They play a key role in the reef's size, 它们对珊瑚礁的大小起着关键作用，
shape and distribution. 形状和分布。
By clearing the coral, 通过清理珊瑚，
they help the surgeonfish increase his crop. 它们帮助尖头鱼增加收成。
It's not just the fish that threaten the coral. 威胁珊瑚的不仅仅是鱼。
Even the algae can fight back. 即使藻类也能反击。
Here in Oman's tropical shallow waters, 在阿曼的热带浅水区，
photosynthesizing algae reproduce rapidly. 光合作用藻类繁殖迅速。
They can slowly smother the coral, 它们可以慢慢地扼杀珊瑚，
making it harder for the tiny animals to filter food. 使小动物更难过滤食物。
To fight back, corals have their own protectors. 为了反击，珊瑚有自己的保护者。
Large herbivores, like parrotfish, constantly graze 大型食草动物，如鹦鹉鱼，经常吃草
on the algae, cutting back the growth. 减少藻类的生长。
And on a smaller scale, 在更小的范围内，
individual corals hire their own mini army. 珊瑚个体雇佣自己的小型军队。
A host of little, live-in bodyguards. 一群小保镖。
Tiny coral crabs weed out the algae. 小珊瑚蟹把海藻除掉。
They look heavy-handed, 他们看起来很重，
but can pluck the algae with precision 但能精确地采集海藻
and use their pincers 用他们的钳子
to pass it to their grinding mouth parts. 把它传给他们的磨嘴部位。
They're assisted by citron gobies, 他们的助手是柠檬虾虎鱼，
so-called for their bright yellow color. 所谓的亮黄色。
The goby only eats small amounts of algae, 虎鱼只吃少量的藻类，
preferring to nibble on the coral itself. 喜欢啃珊瑚本身。
But his occasional nip is a small sacrifice, 但他偶尔的咬是一个小小的牺牲，
as he guards the coral 当他守护着珊瑚
from larger voracious predators, 从更大的食肉动物身上，
like the butterflyfish. 就像蝴蝶鱼。
The goby, unlike most fish, doesn't have any scales. 与大多数鱼不同，虎鱼没有鳞片。
Just smooth skin, 只是皮肤光滑，
from which he secretes a slimy, toxic mucus. 从中他分泌出一种粘液，有毒的粘液。
He's only two inches long, 他只有两英寸长，
so relies on this chemical defense for his own safety. 所以为了他自己的安全而依靠这种化学防御。
Like the domino fish, 就像多米诺鱼一样，
the goby is ready to start a family. 虎鱼准备成家了。
The coral branches provide a safe haven and a nest site. 珊瑚树枝提供了一个安全的避风港和一个巢穴。
Both parents look identical. 父母俩看起来一模一样。
They will be faithful to each other for life 他们将终生忠于对方
and will stay loyal to this one patch of coral. 并会忠于这片珊瑚。
Other species of fish come and go, 其他种类的鱼来来往往，
but only one alpha pair of citrons 但只有一对阿尔法柠檬
will breed on the coral. 会在珊瑚上繁殖。
Young animals have a queuing system and wait in line. 小动物有排队系统，排队等候。
They will only mature 他们只会成熟
if either of the alpha pair dies. 如果其中一对阿尔法死亡。
When that happens, one of the smaller, darker juveniles 当这种情况发生时，一个更小，更黑的青少年
will quickly develop to take their place. 很快就会取代他们的位置。
All the youngsters are female, 所有的年轻人都是女性，
but if the adult male is lost, 但如果成年雄性迷路了，
the largest will undergo a sex change to replace him. 最大的将进行性别改变以取代他。
This female has already laid around 100 eggs, 这只雌性已经下了大约100个卵，
tiny baubles of jelly, 小小的果冻饰品，
almost invisible, 几乎看不见，
which hang under the arch of coral in neat rows. 它们整齐地挂在珊瑚拱门下。
The male rolls upside down 雄鸟倒立着翻滚
to deposit sperm over the eggs to fertilize them. 将精子沉积在卵子上使其受精。
He will stand guard over his microscopic family 他将守护着他的小家庭
and do his best to protect them from hungry mouths. 尽他所能保护他们不被饥饿的人吃掉。
Fish eggs are a favorite food for many reef species. 鱼卵是许多礁石物种最喜欢的食物。
The sneaky yellowfin hind is a constant threat. 偷偷摸摸的黄鳍金枪鱼是一个持续的威胁。
It will certainly vacuum up the eggs, 它肯定会把鸡蛋抽干，
if it can get to them. 如果能找到他们。
Too big to take on, 太大了，无法承受，
the goby relies on the coral's structure 虎鱼依靠珊瑚的结构
to protect his eggs. 为了保护他的蛋。
The citron goby has chosen well. 雪铁龙虎鱼选择得很好。
The nest site is just out of reach. 巢穴就在我们无法到达的地方。
The hind doesn't stick around. 后躯不肯留下来。
He heads on, arriving at the domino's nest site. 他朝前走，来到多米诺骨牌的巢穴。
But the male domino fish has yet to impress a female 但是雄性多米诺骨牌鱼还没有给雌性留下深刻印象
and gain some eggs. 再弄些鸡蛋。
He practices his best defensive move 他练习了他最好的防守动作
and scares off the hungry hind. 吓跑饥饿的后腿。
The commotion attracts attention. 骚乱引起了人们的注意。
A light gray female investigates his lawn. 一只浅灰色的雌鸟在查看他的草坪。
Her color indicates she's also ready to breed. 她的颜色表明她也准备好繁殖了。
Using a white ovipositor, a mobile tube, 用一个白色的产卵器，一个移动管，
she precisely deposits up to 20,000 eggs. 她精确地存了两万个鸡蛋。
Each is sticky and will adhere to the algal lawn. 每一种都是粘性的，会附着在藻类草坪上。
He follows, releasing sperm over the clutch. 他紧随其后，通过离合器释放精子。
The whole courtship and laying lasts 20 minutes. 整个求爱和下床持续20分钟。
Then she saunters off, 然后她悠闲地走了，
leaving the male to defend the eggs. 让雄性来保护卵子。
The female plays no further role in raising their young. 雌性在抚养幼崽方面没有进一步的作用。
Instead, she will visit 相反，她会去拜访
other males tending lawns in the neighborhood. 其他男人在附近照料草坪。
The male has to stand guard 24 hours a day for a week, 雄性一周内每天24小时守卫，
until the eggs hatch. 直到卵孵化。
It's a long time for a little fish 对一条小鱼来说时间太长了
on a big and dangerous reef, 在一个又大又危险的礁石上，
where monstrous predators lurk. 可怕的食肉动物潜伏的地方。
The wide gape of a honeycomb moray eel reveals a glimpse 一只蜂巢海鳗张大了嘴，露出了一瞥
of its powerful weaponry. 它强大的武器装备。
Its teeth are needle-sharp and there are lots of them, 它的牙齿很锋利，而且有很多，
up to 38, with not two, 38岁以下，没有两个，
but four pairs of large canines at the front. 但是前面有四对大狗。
A third row lines the roof of its mouth. 第三排是它的嘴顶。
It has a second set of jaws in its throat, 它的喉咙里有第二副下颚，
which help drag any victim in, crushing it as it goes. 这有助于把受害者拖进来，压碎它。
If disturbed or challenged in its den, 如果在它的巢穴中受到干扰或挑战，
the eel can strike with devastating effect. 鳗鱼可以攻击，具有毁灭性的效果。
Defense may be futile against this monster of the reef. 对这个礁石怪物的防御可能是徒劳的。
Its jaws never rest. 它的下颚永不停息。
Unlike other fish, it doesn't have structured gill flaps 与其他鱼类不同，它没有结构化的鳃瓣
to pump water through, 把水抽出来，
so it must continuously force water over its gills. 所以它必须不断地把水压在鳃上。
Many species of moray eel 多种海鳗
also secrete a toxic mucouson their skin 也会在皮肤上分泌有毒粘液
that has the abilityto destroy red blood cells. 它有破坏红细胞的能力。
It may be a defense againsttheir own predators. 这可能是对自己的捕食者的防御。
Some species might alsotransfer the toxins 也可能传递一些毒素
with their serrated teethwhen they bite their prey. 它们用锯齿状的牙齿咬猎物。
It looks like this fish 看起来像这条鱼
is taking its lifein its own hands. 把自己的生命掌握在自己手中。
But it's a cleaner wrasse, 但它是更干净的濑鱼，
one of the few small fishthe moray won't eat. 海鳗不吃的少数小鱼之一。
The wrasse isa defender of health, 濑鱼是健康的捍卫者，
a marine doctor and dentist 海洋医生和牙医
that gives the reefinhabitants 这就给了再居住的人
a thorough check-up and eatstheir pesky parasites. 一次彻底的检查，吃了那些讨厌的寄生虫。
Observations suggest thata single cleaner wrasse 观察表明一条干净的濑鱼
will tend to over 2,000 fish 会有2000多条鱼
and remove up to 1,200parasites a day. 每天能清除1200个寄生虫。
They're a vital partof a healthy reef. 它们是健康珊瑚礁的重要组成部分。
Beyond the defensive walls ofcoral lies a no-man's land. 在防御性的城墙之外是一片无人区。
A vast open seabedhas little cover 宽阔的海床几乎没有掩护
for animals to escape danger. 让动物逃离危险。
This is where the big guys prowl. 这就是大佬们四处游荡的地方。
Heavily-armored predators, like the guitarfish. 重甲的食肉动物，像吉他鱼。
Those who brave the open need ingenious adaptations 敢于开放的人需要巧妙的适应
to better their chances of survival. 以增加他们生存的机会。
Kangaroo nudibranchs are one of 3,000 known species 裸袋鼠是已知的3000种动物之一
of colorful, shell-less sea slugs. 五颜六色的无壳海蛞蝓。
The word "nudibranch" means "naked gill" “裸鳃”这个词的意思是“裸鳃”
and this one's are on full display. 而这一个已经被充分展示了。
With an unprotected soft body, 没有保护的身体，
it should be very vulnerable to predators. 它应该很容易受到捕食者的攻击。
But this sea slug 但是这个海蛞蝓
has a defensive trick up its sleeve. 有一套防御技巧。
It mostly eats toxic sponges. 它主要吃有毒的海绵。
It recycles the dangerous parts of its dinner 它回收晚餐中的危险部分
storing the toxins in a sheath over its gills. 把毒素藏在鳃上的鞘里。
This makes it repellent 这让它很讨厌
to anything that might try to eat it. 任何可能吃它的东西。
Its bright colors act as a warning not to nibble. 它鲜艳的颜色是警告不要啃。
Armed with these chemical weapons, 带着这些化学武器，
the sea slug is even able to flirt out in the open. 海蛞蝓甚至可以在户外调情。
This behavior is known as "tailgating". 这种行为被称为“尾随”。
One slug follows the slime trail of another 一个鼻涕虫跟踪另一个鼻涕虫的粘液痕迹
to make sure it doesn't lose it on the vast seabed. 以确保它不会在浩瀚的海底失去它。
It's a rare sight 这是罕见的景象
and is thought to be a precursor to mating. 被认为是交配的前兆。
Long-spined sea urchins appear equally unappetizing 长刺海胆看起来同样不吸引人
with their intimidating weaponry. 用他们令人生畏的武器。
Moving on tiny, suckered arms, 靠着小小的，吸吮的手臂移动，
they patrol the open sea floor grazing on algae. 它们以藻类为食在开阔的海底巡逻。
It's been recently discovered that their tiny legs 最近发现它们的小腿
are also eyes, capable of detecting light, 眼睛也能探测光线，
and guiding the urchins across the reef. 引导海胆穿过礁石。
As added protection, their long spines are covered 作为额外的保护，他们的长刺被覆盖
in microscopic barbs and toxic mucus. 在微小的倒刺和有毒粘液中。
Despite this heavy defense, they're not immune to attack. 尽管有这么重的防御，他们也不能免疫攻击。
This foot-long Picasso triggerfish, 这条一英尺长的毕加索三角鱼，
so-called for the bold abstract markings on its face, 所谓它脸上的大胆抽象标记，
will eat just about anything. 什么都能吃。
Including sea urchins. 包括海胆。
But it requires some shooting practice. 但这需要一些射击练习。
With its big, strong jaws, 大而有力的下颚，
it can squirt a jet of water that'll flip an urchin over, 它能喷出一股水柱把海胆翻过来，
enabling its powerful teeth to break through 使它强有力的牙齿能够突破
their more vulnerable undersides. 他们更脆弱的下腹。
But it's not a done deal. 但这不是一笔交易。
When caught in the open, 当被抓在外面的时候，
the urchins form big, prickly herds 海胆形成大而多刺的群
making it even harder to reach their weak spot. 更难找到他们的弱点。
The urchins are a magnet for some species 海胆对某些物种有吸引力
and for good reason. 有充分的理由。
Glass shrimps are delicate creatures. 玻璃虾是一种精致的生物。
They survive with help from their prickly neighbors. 他们靠着多刺邻居的帮助生存下来。
By using the urchin's ten-inch spines as cover, 用海胆10英寸的刺做掩护，
the shrimp hitchhike to travel to areas of the reef 虾搭便车前往珊瑚礁地区
normally out of their reach. 通常在他们够不到的地方。
Their very own mobile safety cage. 他们自己的移动安全笼。
The long, tubular snout of a trumpetfish 喇叭鱼的管状长鼻子
is built to suck up small creatures. 是用来吸小动物的。
Glass shrimp make a good snack. 玻璃虾是很好的零食。
But whilst they're protected by the urchin, 但是当他们被海胆保护的时候，
the hungry trumpetfish stands no chance of getting one. 饥肠辘辘的号角鱼没有机会得到一条。
The glass shrimp aren't freeloaders, though. 不过，玻璃虾不是吃白食的人。
As the shrimp forage around the urchin, 当虾在海胆周围觅食时，
they remove smaller parasites that could attack their host. 它们清除可能攻击宿主的较小寄生虫。
Yellow-striped cardinalfish 黄条纹红雀鱼
also use the urchins for defense. 也可以用海胆做防御。
These tiny nervous creatures 这些神经质的小动物
hide amongst the spines during the day, 白天躲在刺里，
only venturing out to feed under the cover of darkness. 只是在黑暗的掩护下冒险外出觅食。
The plucky male domino fish has been guarding 勇敢的雄性多米诺骨牌鱼一直守护着
his microscopic eggs for three days. 他用显微镜观察了三天的卵子。
So far, so good. 到目前为止，还不错。
He's not let anyone take them from under him. 他不让任何人从他手下夺走他们。
But there's egg-thieving trouble on the horizon. 但偷鸡蛋的麻烦就在眼前。
A pack of hungry crescent wrasse. 一包饥饿的新月濑鱼。
Across the reef, 穿过礁石，
his domino neighbor's eggs are under attack. 他的多米诺骨牌邻居的鸡蛋受到攻击。
Domino fish are fierce fighters. 多米诺鱼是凶猛的斗士。
They can drive away one or two attackers. 他们可以赶走一两个攻击者。
But the wrasse use their numbers 但是濑鱼用他们的数字
to overwhelm the guards. 压倒卫兵。
Once one family is destroyed 一旦一个家庭被摧毁
the greedy gang moves on to the next. 这个贪婪的帮派继续前进。
With each raid, they're moving closer and closer 每次突袭，他们都越来越近
to the male and his eggs. 雄性和它的卵。
He's chosen a good spot for the lawn, 他选了个好地方做草坪，
low-down and out of sight. 低矮的，看不见的。
But little escapes the attention 但几乎没有什么能逃过人们的注意
of a hungry mob of wrasse. 一群饥饿的濑鱼。
The wrasse home in on the male and his exposed family. 濑鱼找到了那只雄性和他暴露在外的家人。
Suddenly, an unlikely hero 突然，一个不太可能的英雄
comes to the male domino's aid. 来帮助男性多米诺骨牌。
A surgeonfish. 一条浪涌鱼。
His size, weapons and assertive defense 他的身材，武器和自信的防守
are enough to send the wrasse packing. 足够把濑鱼打包了。
The surgeonfish isn't deliberately helping the domino, 浪涌鱼不是故意帮助多米诺骨牌，
he just doesn't want the trespassers 他只是不想让入侵者
on his patch of reef. 在他那块礁石上。
The domino's lawn is on the fringes 多米诺骨牌的草坪在边缘
of the larger fish's territory. 大鱼的领地。
Far enough to be tolerated, 足够让人忍受，
but close enough to reap the benefits 但也足以从中获益
of the security guard. 是保安的。
The surgeonfish sees off the intruders 浪涌鱼赶走了入侵者
and the domino's eggs survive the attack. 多米诺骨牌的蛋在攻击中幸存了下来。
The male just needs to protect them 雄性只需要保护它们
for three more days. 再过三天。
The surgeonfish's large lawn 浪涌鱼的大草坪
is close to the steep slopes of the shore. 靠近海岸的陡坡。
Twice a day, the changing tide churns the water. 一天两次，不断变化的潮汐搅动着海水。
The movement in the water column 水柱中的运动
often triggers a movement of creatures. 经常触发生物的运动。
Crabs make the most of their ability 螃蟹充分利用了它们的能力
to move freely between reef and shore. 在礁石和海岸之间自由移动。
When the low tide exposes the rocks, 当低潮露出岩石时，
they tuck into the algae and other food 他们吃海藻和其他食物
that's now out of reach of the solely aquatic species. 那是现在唯一的水生物种所无法企及的。
Below the waves, the churning waters stir up nutrients, 在海浪下面，翻腾的水流搅动着营养物质，
attracting large shoals of hungry fish. 吸引着大量饥饿的鱼群。
Among them are foraging parrotfish. 其中有觅食的鹦鹉鱼。
They mostly eat algae 它们主要吃藻类
and will munch through anything to get to it. 为了得到它，它会咀嚼任何东西。
The parrotfish get their name from their strong beak, 鹦鹉鱼的名字来源于它们强壮的喙，
which enables them to power through whole chunks of coral. 这使它们能穿过整片珊瑚。
Everything goes in. 一切都进去了。
The edible is processed and whatever they can't digest 食物是经过加工的，不能消化的
comes out the other end. 从另一端出来。
In such great numbers, this attack looks destructive, 如此之多的攻击看起来是毁灭性的，
but parrotfish play a curious role in defending the reef. 但是鹦鹉鱼在保护珊瑚礁中扮演着一个奇怪的角色。
By clearing an area like this, 通过清理这样的区域，
parrotfish level the playing field 鹦鹉鱼使比赛场地平坦
and increase diversity on the reef. 增加珊瑚礁的多样性。
By removing the dominating algae 通过去除主要的藻类
and fast-growing corals, 以及快速生长的珊瑚，
they give slow-growing species, like hard corals, 它们提供生长缓慢的物种，比如硬珊瑚，
the chance to develop. 发展的机会。
Beneficial or not, 有益与否，
they're still trespassing on the surgeonfish's algal lawn. 他们还在侵入浪涌鱼的藻类草坪。
He turns on his side, 他转过身来，
flashing his yellow fin markings 闪烁着黄色的鳍纹
as a reminder of his secret-blade weapons. 作为对他的秘密武器的提醒。
The surgeon keeps close tabs on who's on his patch. 外科医生密切关注谁在他的贴片上。
He's mostly solitary, 他基本上是孤独的，
but does allow female surgeonfish 但却允许雌性浪涌鱼
to share parts of his territory. 分享他的部分领土。
It's times like this when roomies are a good idea. 在这种时候，室友是个好主意。
They work together to clear the hungry intruders. 他们一起清除饥饿的入侵者。
But there are some grazers that just won't budge. 但是有些食草动物就是不肯动。
The green turtles have found his stash of algae 绿海龟们找到了他藏匿的海藻
that's too good to miss. 太好了，不能错过。
And they won't be moved. 他们不会被移动。
Try as he might, 尽他所能，
the surgeonfish just can't persuade them to leave. 浪涌鱼无法说服他们离开。
(Waves roar and crash) （波涛轰鸣，哗啦一声）
The fish are constantly 鱼总是
waging war with their neighbors 与邻居开战
and defending their resources. 保护他们的资源。
But one individual's efforts have paid off. 但一个人的努力已经有了回报。
Our fearless father's vigil is at an end. 我们无畏的父亲的守夜结束了。
After a week on guard duty, his eggs have hatched. 经过一个星期的值守，他的蛋已经孵化出来了。
The tiny baby domino fish drift out into the current. 小小的多米诺骨牌小鱼漂流到水流中。
There are too many dangers on the reef itself 珊瑚礁本身有太多的危险
for the microscopic fry. 对于显微镜下的鱼苗。
Their chances of survival are increased 它们生存的机会增加了
by floating amongst the plankton 在浮游生物中漂浮
out in the vast tracts of ocean. 在广阔的海洋中。
After a few weeks, 几周后，
they will smell their way back to the reef. 他们会闻到返回礁石的路。
But the male's parental duties are done. 但雄性的父母职责已经完成了。
He makes one final sweep of his lawn, 他最后一次清扫草坪，
then swims off to re-join the other domino fish 然后游出去重新加入其他多米诺骨牌鱼
and the protection of the shoal. 以及对浅滩的保护。
A multitude of fish use this technique 很多鱼都使用这种技术
of schooling over the reef for defense. 为了防御而在礁石上上学。
When fish school, they seem to turn with a sixth sense, 当鱼学的时候，它们似乎有第六感，
without bumping into each other. 不会撞到对方。
The fluidity of their movements 它们运动的流动性
is mostly based on sight. 主要是基于视觉。
They watch their neighbors closely 他们密切注视着邻居
and when their neighbors move, they do, too. 当他们的邻居搬家时，他们也会搬家。
Their ability to school might also be helped 他们上学的能力也会有所帮助
by the lateral line along their sides. 沿着侧面的侧线。
This fluid-filled canal in their skin detects vibrations 他们皮肤中充满液体的管道可以检测到振动
and changes in water pressure, 水压的变化，
which might also help them to space evenly 这也可能有助于它们均匀分布
from one another. 从另一个。
Moving as one vast mass makes it hard for a predator 作为一个巨大的群体移动，使捕食者很难
to pick out an individual. 挑选一个人。
Hidden among the coral, the moray eel watches and waits. 海鳗隐藏在珊瑚中，守候着。
The sneaky yellowfin hind waits with him. 鬼鬼祟祟的黄鳍金枪鱼和他一起等待。
Then they set out to hunt. 然后他们开始打猎。
Together. 一起。
It's seldom-seen behavior, 这是很少见的行为，
combining the eel's ability to squeeze into tight spaces 结合鳗鱼挤压狭小空间的能力
with the hind's lightning-fast reactions. 有着闪电般的快速反应。
For potential prey, this is double trouble. 对于潜在的猎物来说，这是双重麻烦。
Anything trying to escape the hind risks swimming 任何试图逃离后腿的东西都有游泳的危险
straight into the jaws of the eel. 直接进入鳗鱼的嘴里。
Anything flushed from the reef by the eel 鳗鱼从暗礁里冲出来的东西
may get picked off by the hind. 可能会被后腿咬伤。
They could be competitors, 他们可能是竞争对手，
but teaming up creates greater success for both. 但团队合作为双方创造了更大的成功。
Observations show each performs better 观察结果显示，每一个都表现得更好
with their partner by their side. 和他们的搭档在一起。
This level of co-operative hunting 这种合作狩猎的水平
between two different species 两个不同物种之间
is extremely rare. 非常罕见。
With neighbors like this, 有这样的邻居，
the pistol shrimp's going to need his protective bunker 手枪虾需要他的保护掩体
and the sharp eyes of the goby. 以及虎鱼敏锐的眼睛。
Hidden among the coral branches, a family reunites. 隐藏在珊瑚树枝之间，一家人团聚了。
The goby's eggs hatched long ago and the babies dispersed. 虎鱼的蛋早就孵出来了，孩子们都散了。
But now they've returned from their time in the plankton 但现在它们已经从浮游生物时代回来了
as fish fry by using their sense of smell 就像鱼靠嗅觉来煎炸一样
to guide them back to the coral. 引导他们回到珊瑚岛。
The young citron gobies can settle into their new homes. 小香橼虾虎鱼可以安顿在他们的新家里。
While the gobies look for sanctuary in the coral, 当虾虎鱼在珊瑚中寻找避难所时，
the baby domino fish also return from the plankton 多米诺骨牌幼鱼也从浮游生物中返回
and seek protection among the long spines of a sea urchin. 在海胆的长刺中寻求保护。
It's a perfect nursery. 这是个完美的托儿所。
The tiny juveniles live up to their name, 这些小家伙不辜负他们的名字，
looking like little dominoes. 看起来像小多米诺骨牌。
It will take several years 这需要几年时间
for them to be sexually mature 让他们性成熟
and fade to the dull gray color of the breeding adults. 逐渐褪为繁殖成虫的暗灰色。
As they get older, they will become more aggressive and territorial 随着年龄的增长，他们会变得更具侵略性和领土性
and ready to tend a lawn of their own. 准备照顾自己的草坪。
Just like their father. 就像他们的父亲一样。
They will learn to keep an eye out for predators, 他们会学会留意捕食者，
like the moray eel, the guitarfish 像海鳗，吉他鱼
and the hungry gangs of wrasse. 还有饥饿的濑鱼帮。
These hunters often seem like the bad guys, 这些猎人看起来像坏人，
but they're vital 但它们很重要
for keeping populations of reef fish in check. 为了控制珊瑚鱼的数量。
Creatures of the reef walk a fine line 礁石上的生物走得很好
between success and failure, 在成功和失败之间，
using adaptations for attack and defense. 在进攻和防守中运用适应性。
Their relationships forge cunning tricks 他们的关系是狡猾的
and powerful alliances. 以及强大的联盟。
Here, the brave and hardworking thrive, 在这里，勇敢和勤奋的人茁壮成长，
defending themselves, their family 保护他们自己，他们的家人
and even protecting the health of the reef itself. 甚至保护珊瑚礁本身的健康。